Description:

Students will study gross and microscopic aspects of cells, tissues and organ systems of the human body. They will concentrate on a detailed analysis of the structure of each body system. 3 hrs. lecture, 3 hrs. lab/wk. The Open Anatomy Lab, 311 CLB, is available for students enrolled in Human Anatomy and Human Anatomy and Physiology classes at JCCC. Contact your professor, check the schedule outside of 311 CLB or call 913-469-8500, ext. 4124, for hours. A current student ID is required for using the Open Anatomy Lab.

Supplies: Refer to the instructor’s course syllabus for details about any supplies that may be required.

Prerequisites: NONE

Textbook(s): For information see - http://bookstore.jccc.net

Course Fees: NONE

Course Objectives:

Upon successful completion of this course the student should be able to:

1. Recognize, histologically, from a drawing, photomicrograph or by microscopic examination, the tissues of the human body.
2. Describe, either orally or on a written examination, the general architecture of each of the body’s systems.
3. Identify, on a complete skeleton, each of the bones and selected bone markings of the human body.
4. Identify the major muscles of the body and give their actions.
5. Identify, on a model or preserved specimen, specific structures found in a particular body system.
6. Explain, either orally or on a written examination, the functional interrelationships between each of the systems that comprise body regions.
7. Correlate, either orally or on a written examination, the anatomical basis of selected, clinically relevant dysfunctions.

Content Outline & Competencies:

I. Orientation to Human Anatomy
   A. List the levels of organization, giving examples of each.
   B. Discuss anatomical terminology.
      1. Explain the origins of our present day terminology.
      2. Describe the process of word analysis, define and give examples
of combining terms, prefixes and suffixes.
   C. Identify the planes of reference and descriptive terms for body
positions.
   D. Outline the body cavities and describe their contents and
membranes.

II. The Body’s Microscopic Organization
   A. Cytology
      1. Relate the cell theory.
      2. Recognize parts of the typical cell and describe their
functions.
      3. Define mitosis.
         a. State the significance of mitosis.
         b. List the stages of mitosis and give their distinguishing
characteristics.
   B. Histology
      1. Classify tissues and list their functions.
      2. Describe epithelial tissues.
         a. Classify types of epithelia.
         b. Describe types of membranes.
         c. List the types of glands.
      3. Describe connective tissues and their functions.
         a. Define the types of connective tissue propers.
         b. Describe the supporting connective tissues.
         c. Describe the specialized connective tissue – blood.
      4. Describe muscular tissues.
      5. Describe nervous tissues.
      6. Recognize neurons and their parts.
      7. List the neuroglia and their functions.

III. Protection, Support and Movement
   A. The integumentary system
      1. List the functions of the integumentary system.
      2. Identify the layers and their histology.
      3. Discuss derivatives of the epidermis.
   B. The skeletal system
      1. List the functions of the skeletal system.
      2. Describe bone structure.
         a. Classify bones into types based on their structure.
         b. Define the major surface bone markings.
         c. Draw and label the structures of a longitudinal section of a
long bone.
      3. Distinguish between the two types of bone growth.
         a. Discuss endochondral ossification.
         b. Discuss intramembranous ossification.
      4. Define the axial skeleton.
         a. Identify the elements of the skull and the major surface
features of each.
         b. Classify the vertebrae by their regional characteristics.
         c. Identify the elements of the vertebral column and the major
features of each.
         d. Identify the elements of the rib cage and their major surface
features.
         e. Classify the articulated ribs as true, false or floating.
      5. Define the appendicular skeleton.
         a. Compare and contrast the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
            1) Identify the elements of the pectoral girdle and the major
surface features of each.
            2) Identify the elements of the pelvic girdle and the major
surface features of each.
         b. Compare and contrast the upper and lower extremities.
            1) Identify the elements of the upper extremity and the major
surface features of each.
            2) Identify the elements of the lower extremity and the major
surface features of each.
   C. Articulations
      1. Discuss the classification of joints.
         a. Explain the structural categories of joints.
         b. Explain the functional categories of joints.
      2. Identify and describe examples of synarthroses.
      3. Identify and describe examples of amphiarthroses.
      4. Identify and describe examples of diarthroses.
         a. Discuss characteristics of synovial joints.
         b. List and discuss the six types of synovial joints.
         c. Define the various types of movements that occur at synovial
joints.
   D. The muscular system
      1. Describe fascial elements.
      2. List the functions and general properties of muscle tissue.
      3. Describe the structure of skeletal muscles.
      4. Discuss the components and functions of a neuromuscular
junction.
      5. Explain the various bases for naming muscles.
      6. Recognize the major muscles of the head and neck.
      7. Recognize the major muscles of the body wall.
      8. Recognize the major muscles of the upper extremity.
      9. Recognize the major muscles of the lower extremity.

IV. Integration and Coordination
   A.  Organization of the nervous system
      1. Explain the major anatomical and functional divisions of the
nervous system.
      2. Identify the primary components of the central nervous system.
      3. Identify the primary components of the peripheral nervous
system.
      4. Identify the primary components of the autonomic nervous system.
   B. Histology of the nervous system
      1. Describe the principal structures and functions of neurons.
         a. Classify the various types of neurons structurally.
         b. Classify the various types of neurons functionally.
      2. Identify and discuss the functions and locations of the various
types of neuroglia.
   C. The central nervous system
      1. Discuss the structures and functions of the spinal cord.
         a. Identify the major structures of the spinal cord.
         b. Identify and explain the major ascending and descending
pathways.
      2. Discuss the structures and functions of the brain.
         a. Explain the principal structures of the brain to their general
functions.
         b. Relate the principal structures of the brain to their general
functions.
            1) List the functions of the telencephalon.
            2) List the functions of the diencephalons.
            3) List the functions of the mesencephalon.
            4) List the functions of the metencephalon.
            5) List the functions of the myelencephalon.
         c. Explain the role of the meninges in protecting the central
nervous system.
            1) Describe the general structure of the meningeal layers.
            2) Identify each of the major dural reflections around the
brain.
         d. Discuss cerebrospinal fluid in relation to the ventricles of
the brain and the subarachnoid space.
            1) Describe the processes and structure involved in the
formation of cerebrospinal fluid.
            2) Trace the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the
central nervous system.
   D. Special senses
      1. Examine the general anatomical structures involved with the
special senses.
         a. Identify the major olfactory structures and discuss their
functions.
         b. Describe the major gustatory structures and discuss their
functions.
         c. Describe the major visual structures and discuss their
functions.
         d. Describe the major structures of hearing and balance and
discuss their functions.
      2. Compare and contrast the special and general senses.
   E. Peripheral nervous system
      1. Name the cranial nerves, identify their distribution and
summarize their functions.
      2. Examine a cross-section of a spinal nerve, identify the origin
and distribution of the spinal nerves and summarize their function.
      3. Recognize the major nerve plexuses and identify the parts of the
body that they serve.
      4. Recognize the major nerves of the upper extremity, the lower
extremity, the body wall and the head and neck.
      5. Determine the functional impairment resulting from denervation.
      6. Describe a simple reflex arc.
   F. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
      1. Describe effectors, preganglionic neurons, postganglionic neurons
and ganglia.
      2. Differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions of the ANS in structure and function.
      3. Identify the ANS centers of control found in the central nervous
system.
      4. List the effects of the ANS on the circulatory, respiratory,
digestive, urinary and reproductive systems.
   G. The endocrine system
      1. Characterize the location, secretions and targets of the major
endocrine glands.
      2. Examine central nervous system control and the endocrine glands.

V. Maintenance of the Body and of the Species
   A. Circulatory system
      1. List the major components of the cardiovascular system.
      2. Identify major blood elements such as plasma, erythrocytes,
leukocytes and platelets.
      3. Identify the pericardium and layers of the heart wall, the
chambers and valves, electrical excitation by conductive tissue, two major
circulatory routes (pulmonary and systemic).
      4. Describe coronary and fetal circulation.
      5. Compare the histology of arteries and veins.
 
      6. Name the principal arteries of the extremities, body wall, head
and neck, visceral organs and the brain.
      7. Name the principal veins of the extremities, body wall, head and
neck, visceral organs and the brain.
      8. Identify lymph vessels, lymph nodes and the major lymphoid
organs.
   B. Respiratory system
      1. List the functions of the respiratory system.
      2. Identify the parts of the conducting division and describe their
functions.
         a. Nose
         b. Paranasal sinuses
         c. Pharynx
         d. Larynx
         e. Trachea
         f. Bronchial tree
      3. Identify the parts of the respiratory division and describe their
functions.
         a. Alveolar ducts
         b. Alveolar sacs
         c. Alveoli
      4. Describe the lungs, their surfaces and pleurae.
      5. Explain the mechanics of breathing.
         a. Identify the muscles involved in breathing and their actions.
            1) Explain inspiration.
            2) Explain expiration.
         b. Describe control of respiration.
   C. Digestive system
      1. List the general functions and activities of the digestive
system.
      2. Describe the mechanical and chemical aspects of digestion.
      3. List the serous membranes and tunics of the gastrointestinal
tract.
         a. Identify the peritoneum and its reflections.
         b. Identify the layers (tunics) of the alimentary canal.
      4. List the structures and major functions of the digestive system
in the head and neck.
         a. Identify the oral cavity.
         b. Identify the teeth.
         c. Identify the salivary glands.
         d. Recognize the pharynx and its parts.
         e. Identify the esophagus.
      5. List the structures and major functions of the digestive system
in the abdomen.
         a. Describe the alimentary canal and the layers of its organs.
            1) Identify the stomach and its layers.
            2) Identify the small intestine and its regions.
            3) Identify the large intestine and its regions.
         b. Describe the accessory organs and the ducts associated with
them.
            1) Identify the liver.
            2) Identify the gallbladder.
            3) Identify the pancreas.
   D. Urinary system
      1. List the general functions and physiological processes of the
urinary system.
      2. List the structures of the urinary system.
         a. Recognize the kidney and describe its functions.
            1) Identify gross features of the kidney.
            2) Describe microscopic structures of a nephron.
               a) Recognize renal blood vessels.
               b) Recognize urinary tubules.
               c) Explain micturition.
   E. Reproduction system
      1. List the functions of the reproductive system.
         a. Identify the primary sex organs.
            1) Explain gamete production.
            2) Identify major sex hormones and site of production.
         b. Identify secondary sex organs.
         c. List secondary sex characteristics.
      2. Recognize male reproductive parts.
         a. Describe the structure and function of the testis.
         b. Describe the structure and function of the spematic ducts,
accessory glands and penis.
         c. Explain the mechanisms of erection, emission and ejaculation.
      3. Recognize female reproductive parts.
         a. Describe the structure and function of the ovaries.
         b. Describe the structure and function of the uterine tubes,
uterus, vagina and vulva.
         c. Explain the mechanisms of erection and orgasm.
         d. Describe mammary gland anatomy.
      4. List the homologies between male and female reproductive
structures.

Methods of Evaluation of Competencies:

Evaluation of student mastery of course competencies will be accomplished using the following methods:

Completion of examinations, written and/or practical, for each of the
units of instruction = 80-100% of grade  

Instructor discretion -- may include attendance, quizzes, written
assignments, oral presentation, group work, etc. = 0-20% of grade
                                 
Total = 100%

Computer Literacy Expectations: Students will need basic word processing
and Internet searching skills for the completion of some papers, exercises
and projects.

Caveats:

1. Students entering a laboratory setting should be aware that they may be in close contact with potentially hazardous chemicals and equipment. The students should assume responsibility in conducting themselves in a manner to minimize such hazards.

Disabilities:

If you are a student with a disability, and if you will be requesting accommodations, it is your responsibility to contact Access Services. Access Services will recommend any appropriate accommodations to your professor and his/her director. The professor and director will identify for you which accommodations will be arranged.

JCCC provides a range of services to allow persons with disabilities to participate in educational programs and activities. If you desire support services, contact the office of Access Services for Students With Disabilities (913) 469-8500, ext. 3521 or TDD (913) 469-3885. The Access Services office is located in the Success Center on the second floor of the Student Center.